The costs and harm of alcohol consumption have been analysed by Menzies School of Health in the Northern Territory.
In the financial year 2015-16, the total social cost of excessive alcohol use in the NT was $1.36b. This encompasses child neglect, crime, property damage, ambulance call outs and hospital admissions.
And there are lessons to be learned for Western Australia, especially in the Kimberley which is grappling with different liquor restrictions.
Professor James Smith, from Menzies School of Health, says the recently released research shows despite a reduction in consumption there's huge costs associated with excessive drinking.
"Health costs are broad - disease and illnesses, crime, violence and we've also included child protection costs in this analysis because it dovetails in with alcohol concerns and problems."
Menzies School of Health has also done extensive work on the effect that a Banned Drinkers Register has on a community. A BDR prevents certain people from buying alcohol for a certain amount of time.
"Our evaluation so far has found a Banned Drinkers Register doesn't work in isolation... it works better when implemented in conjunction with a range of other interventions - something at a community level, health promotions, outreach work," says Professor Smith.
"In the NT it works better when there's multiple interventions at the same time."